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High-reliability passive components required for defense and aerospace equipment: Selection points for MIL-STD, ESCC, and NASA Qualified compliant components, and Vishay solutions

Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
  • Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
  • Advanced Technology Solutions

The approach to component selection in the design of defense equipment, aerospace equipment, satellite communications, radar, and UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) differs significantly from that of general industrial equipment.
Even for passive components such as RESISTORS and CAPACITORS, it is necessary to consider factors such as temperature changes, vibration, humidity, salt damage, long-term storage, gas release in a vacuum environment, and even traceability of the manufacturing lot.
In such markets, there is a demand for components that comply with certifications and approvals such as MIL standards (US military standards), NDS (National Defense Standards), IECQ-CECC, ESCC, and NASA Qualified.
Vishay offers a wide range of RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, and INDUCTORS that comply with these standards. Furthermore, we provide specialized passive components for RF circuits and various test and evaluation equipment, supporting rapid development for the latest defense and aerospace equipment development projects that require significant time for certification. We also offer rapid development support utilizing existing proven products and custom-specified components.

Why are general-purpose components insufficient for defense and aerospace applications?

In general consumer electronics, the requirement is that the device operates normally for a certain period of time. On the other hand, in defense and aerospace applications, "failure-free operation" itself is a crucial design requirement.
For example, artificial satellites cannot have their parts replaced after launch. Also, in military communication equipment and radar, even slight changes in the characteristics of components can affect communication quality and detection performance. For this reason, highly reliable components are used, with strict control over not only component tolerances but also temperature coefficient (TCR), long-term drift, failure rate, and screening history.
In addition to highly reliable certified products, Vishay also offers specialized packaging products and custom solutions to protect electronic components used in harsh environments such as outer space, meeting the advanced requirements of the latest defense and aerospace equipment development.

Differences between MIL-STD, NDS, ESCC, and NASA Qualified

What is Japan's Defense Standard (NDS)?

In Japan, the Ministry of Defense Standard (NDS) is used as the standard for defense equipment. The NDS is a standardized specification that covers components, materials, and test methods, with electronic components categorized under "Category C." As a domestic standard for defense equipment, it is referenced as a criterion for procurement and quality assurance.

Classification symbolsclassificationExample
Acivil engineering architectureConstruction-related materials
CelectricityElectric wires, CABLES, and electronic components
DAutomotiveVehicle/Chassis
FshipHull and outfitting
KchemistryPaints and chemicals
LfiberUniforms and textile materials
YweaponWeapon system parts
ZGeneral/MiscellaneousPackaging/containers

Figure 1. Positioning of electronic components in the Ministry of Defense Standards (NDS)

What are US military standards?

MIL standards are a set of standards that define quality, testing, and performance requirements used in U.S. military procurement. Representative standards for electronic components include MIL-PRF-55342 (thin-film chip RESISTORS), MIL-PRF-55182 (metal film RESISTORS), and MIL-PRF-39017 (high-reliability RESISTORS). MIL-STD-810 also specifies environmental tests for high and low temperatures, thermal shock, vibration, shock, humidity, and salt damage. These tests are conducted to confirm reliability under harsh environments for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and communication equipment.

What are the European ESCC and IECQ-CECC?

In the European aerospace market, compliance with ESCC (European Space Components Coordination) and IECQ-CECC is sometimes considered important in addition to MIL standards.
These standards evaluate not only the performance of individual components, but also the manufacturing process, quality control system, factory audits, and traceability. Therefore, adopting certified components offers the advantage of reducing the burden of quality assurance.

The concepts behind NASA Qualified and Space Grade

Components for space applications require even more stringent evaluation than those for ground-based or general aerospace applications.
Space Level products undergo 100 thermal cycle tests, compliance with NASA Publication 1124, burn-in testing, power conditioning, and additional screening.
Space Grade products can be best understood as products that have undergone additional testing and screening specifically for long-term use in the space environment.

Vishay's high-reliability passive component lineup

DALE series

A standard brand that complies with US military standards.

DALE is Vishay's high-reliability RESISTORS brand, primarily supplying the defense and aerospace markets with MIL-STD compliant products. It also offers a wide range of NASA-certified and DLA-QPL registered products.
The main standards it supports include MIL-PRF-55342, MIL-PRF-55182, and MIL-PRF-39017, and it is widely adopted, mainly in the fields of military POWER SUPPLIES, radar, and communication equipment.

Military SpecificationModelWattage Rating
(W)
Charac
teristic
Resistance Range
(Ω)
TolerancePart Number Definition
Established Reliability
MIL-PRF-55342
[Thick Film]

RM0502:/01
(RCWPM-0502)
0.05M1 to 9.1±2 to ±10
1: M55342
MIL spec. no. indicating
MIL-PRF-55342
D55342 for RM1206

2: M
Characteristic
M = ±300 ppm/°C
L = ±200 ppm/°C
K = ±100 ppm/°C

3: 02
MIL Spec. sheet number

4: B
Termination material
B = Pre-tinned nickel barrier, wraparound

5: 10E0
Resistance and Tolerance

6: R
Failure rate level
(reference current
MIL-PRF-55342 QPL list)
K, L, M10 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM0505:/02
(RCWPM-550)
0.125M1 to 9.1±2 to ±10
K, L, M10 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM1005:/03
(RCWPM-5100)
0.20M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM1505:/04
(RCWPM-5150)
0.15M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM2208:/05
(RCWPM-7225)
0.225M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM0705:/06
(RCWPM-575)
0.15M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM1206:/07
(RCWPM-1206)
0.25M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM2010:/08
(RCWPM-2010)
0.80M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM2512:/09
(RCWPM-2512)
1.0M1 to 5.6±2 to ±5
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±5
RM1010:/10
(RCWPM-1100)
0.50M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM0402:/11
(RCWPM-0402)
0.05M1 to 9.1±2 to ±10
K, L, M10 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM0603:/12
(RCWPM-0603)
0.10M1 to 5.6±2 to ±10
K, L, M5.62 to 22 M±1 to ±10
RM0302:/13
(RCWPM-0302)
0.04M1 to 9.1±2 to ±10
K, L, M10 to 22 M±1 to ±10

Figure 2-1. Example of DALE series
Thin-film chip RESISTORS compliant with MIL-PRF-55342 (M55342)

Figure 2-2 Example of a DALE series datasheet

For DLA (Defense Logistics Agency) QPL-registered products, please check the list of applicable products in the area highlighted in red above.

SFERNICE series

European Aerospace Certification Platform

SFERNICE is more than just a brand of high-precision RESISTORS. It is being developed as a highly reliable platform for European aerospace applications, compliant with ESA, ESCC, and IECQ-CECC standards.
In European aerospace and space applications, compliance with ESCC and ESA-related requirements may be required in addition to MIL compliance. SFERNICE is a product line that is easy to consider as a candidate to meet these requirements.

MODELCHPHRCHPFRLHRPFRR
TypeWraparoundWraparoundWraparoundWraparound
SpecificationESCC 4001/026ESCC 4001/026To be definedESCC 4001/023
StandardESAESAESAESA
Logos
Listed in EPPLEPPL level 1
ESCC QML CertifiedYes
Variants01 to 0506 to 1009 to 12
Sizes0603 / 0805 / 1206 / 2010 / 25120603 / 0805 / 1206 / 2010 / 25120603 to 2010 (2512
under development)
0603 / 0805 / 1206 / 2010
Resistance Range1R to 10M1R to 10M0R100 to 9R99100R to 3M01
Stability Class0.25
Power Rating at 70°C100 mW to 800 mW100 mW to 800 mW100 mW to 500 mW100 mW to 500 mW
Maximum Voltage50 V to 300 V50 V to 300 V50 V50 V to 200 V
Tolerance1% to 5%1% to 5%1% to 20%0.05% to 0.1%
Tolerance Ratio
Temperature Coefficient100 ppm/°C and
200 ppm/°C
100 ppm/°C and
200 ppm/°C
50 ppm/°C to
300 ppm/°C
10 ppm/°C and
25 ppm/°C
Load Life Stability
(2000 h at 70°C at Pn)
1%R failure rate0.5% at 70°C 2000h
at Pn
R failure rate
Operating Temperature Range-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C
Storage Temperature
Range
-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C
Special FeatureHigh-temperature storage: 1.5%
CommentsSpecification and
qualification ongoing
(Q4 2010)
ESA evaluation ongoing

Figure 3-1. Examples of SFERNICE Aero-Space Thin Film Resistors (CPHR/CHPFR/LHR/PFRB) products.

MODELPHRPZHRRVPRA HR
TypeWraparoundWraparoundWraparoundWraparound
Network
SpecificationESCC 4001/023TBDCECC 40401-010ESCC 4001/025
StandardESAESACECCESA
Logos
Listed in EPPLEPPL level 1n/aEPPL level 1
ESCC QML CertifiedYesYes
Variants01 to 0801 to 32
Sizes0603 / 0805 / 1206 / 20100603 / 0805 / 0402 /
1206 / 2010 / 2512
0505 / 0603 / 0805 / 1206100 / 135 / 182
Resistance Range10R to 3M0R00100R to 1M100R to 1M
Stability Class0.15n/a
Power Rating at 70°C100 mW to 500 mW70 mW to 1000 mW125 mW to 330 mW100 mW (per resistor)
Maximum Voltage35 V to 100 V50 V to 75 V35 V to 100 V
Tolerance0.01% to 0.1%n/a0.1% to 5%0.1% to 1%
Tolerance Ration/an/a0.05% to 0.1%
Temperature Coefficient5 ppm/°C to 25 ppm/°Cn/a10 ppm/°C and 25 ppm/°C10 ppm/°C absolute, 3 ppm/°C ratio
Load Life Stability (2000 h at 70°C at Pn)0.02% typical0.05% typical0.02% on ratio
Operating Temperature Range-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C
Storage Temperature Range-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C-55°C; +155°C
Special FeatureHigh-temperature storage: 0.15% Jumper-ohmic value guaranteed over full temperature range:
• 0603: 30 mΩ (1.5 A max.)
• 0805: 20 mΩ (2.7 A max.)
• 1206: 25 mΩ (3.2 A max.)
• 2010: 25 mΩ (5.7 A max.)
• 2512: 25 mΩ (6.3 A max.)
2 to 8 resistors -
unequal values available and qualified: CNW
Comments0402 ongoing ESA specification and qualification ongoing
(parts conform to MIL-PRF 32159)

Figure 3-2. Examples of SFERNICE Aero-Space Thin Film Resistors (PHR/PZHR/RV/PRA HR) products.

Representative products include PHR, PFRR, PRAHR, TNPS ESCC, and MS1 ESCC. These are characterized by low TCR, high accuracy, and long-term stability, and are used in reference circuits for satellite communication equipment and avionics.

NASA Qualified Series

The following series are available as NASA Qualified products:

  • RZ Series
  • RLR Series
  • RNC Series
  • RER Series

RZ Series

Military-grade thick-film resistor networks certified to MIL-PRF-83401. RZ040-RZ090 series molded SIP (Single-In-Line Package) type.

STANDARD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
VISHAY DALE MODEL/PIN NO/PROFILEMIL STYLEMIL SPEC. SHEETSCHEMATICPOWER RATING ELEMENT P70℃ WPOWER RATING PACKAGE P70℃ WRESISTANCE RANGE ΩTOLERANCE(1) ±%TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT(2)
(-55°C to +125°C) ±PPM/°C
WEIGHT g
MSM06CRZ0400401
(C)
0.201.0010 to 1M1,2,5100,3000.7
03
(G)
0.200.6010 to 1M1,2,5100,300
05
(H)
0.110.88Consult factory1,2,5100,300
MSM08CRZ0500501
(C)
0.201.4010 to 1M1,2,5100,3000.9
03
(G)
0.200.8010 to 1M1,2,5100,300
05
(H)
0.111.32Consult factory1,2,5100,300
MSM10CRZ0600601
(C)
0.201.8010 to 1M1,2,5100,3001.1
03
(G)
0.201.0010 to 1M1,2,5100,300
05
(H)
0.111.80Consult factory1,2,5100,300
MSM06ARZ0700701
(C)
0.120.6010 to 1M1,2,5100,3000.4
03
(G)
0.120.3610 to 1M1,2,5100,300
05
(H)
0.070.60Consult factory1,2,5100,300
MSM08ARZ0800801
(C)
0.120.8410 to 1M1,2,5100,3000.5
03
(G)
0.120.4810 to 1M1,2,5100,300
05
(H)
0.070.84Consult factory1,2,5100,300
MSM10ARZ0900901
(C)
0.121.0810 to 1M1,2,5100,3000.6
03
(G)
0.120.6010 to 1M1,2,5100,300
05
(H)
0.071.08Consult factory1,2,5100,300

Military-grade thick-film resistor network certified to MIL-PRF-83401. RZ240 series molded SIP (Single-In-Line Package) type.

STANDARD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
VISHAY DALE MODEL/PIN NO/PROFILEMIL STYLEMIL SPEC. SHEETSCHEMATICPOWER RATING ELEMENT P70℃ WPOWER RATING PACKAGE P70℃ WRESISTANCE RANGE ΩTOLERANCE(1) ±%TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT(2)
(-55°C to +125°C) ±PPM/°C
WEIGHT g
MSM10A
-01-S4
RZ
240
2401
(C)
0.121.0810 to 1M1, 2, 5100, 3000.6
MSM10A
-03-S2
03
(G)
0.120.6010 to 1M
MSM10A
-05-S3
05
(H)
0.071.08Consult factory

RLR Series

Features
  • Complies with the requirements of MIL-PRF-39017.
  • Failure Rate: Complies with certified failure rates (please Inquiry the manufacturer for the latest failure rate levels).
  • The epoxy coating structure provides excellent moisture resistance.
  • Ensuring traceability of materials and manufacturing processes.
  • Monthly lot acceptance testing is conducted.
  • Extremely low noise characteristics (-40 dB)
  • We maintain ample stock of ±1% and ±2% products at our distributors and factories.
  • Vishay Dale can develop and implement reliability programs tailored to customer requirements.
STANDARD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
VISHAY DALE MODELMIL-PRF-39017 STYLEMIL SPEC. SHEETPOWER RATING 70°C WRESISTANCE RANGE(1) ΩTOLERANCE ±%TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT ±ppm/°CMAXIMUM WORKING VOLTAGE(4) VLIFE FAILURE RATE(2)
ERL05, ERL05..19 (3)RLR05050.1254.7 to 100K1, 2100200M, P, R, S
>100K to 1MM, P, R
ERL07, ERL07..23 (3)RLR07010.251 to 9.761, 2100250M
10 to 3.01MM, P, R, S
3.02M to 10MM, P, R
ERL20, ERL20..11 (3)RLR20020.504.3 to 3.01M1, 2100350M, P, R, S
ERL32, ERL32..1 (3)RLR32031.01 to 2.7M1, 2100500M, P, R

Notes
(1) Extended resistance range: DSCC has created a series of drawings intended to support extended resistance ranges left otherwise void by the discontinuation of MIL-R-39008 RCR carbon composition resistors. Vishay Dale is listed as a resource on these drawings as follows:

Applicable MIL standard

MIL-PRF-39017:
The ERL series meets the electrical, environmental, and dimensional requirements specified in MIL-PRF-39017.

MIL-PRF-22684:
In new designs, MIL-PRF-39017 replaces MIL-PRF-22684. The ERL series meets or exceeds the requirements of MIL-PRF-22684.

document:
Certification test and failure rate verification test data are stored by Vishay Dale and can be provided upon request.
Lot traceability information and identification data are stored by Vishay Dale for 5 years.

CAGE CODE: 91637

RNC Series

Military-grade/high-reliability metal film RESISTORS certified to MIL-PRF-55182. High-precision axial lead RNC type, compatible with characteristics J, H, and K.

Features
  • Complies with the requirements of MIL-PRF-55182.
  • Extremely low noise characteristics (-40 dB)
  • Complies with certified failure rates (please Inquiry the manufacturer for the latest failure rate levels).
  • We conduct 100% stabilization and screening tests. We can also accommodate Group A testing based on customer requirements upon request.
  • Strict control of the temperature coefficient
  • Epoxy coating provides excellent moisture resistance.
  • The standard leads on RNC products are suitable for soldering and welding.
  • Ensuring traceability of materials and manufacturing processes.
  • Monthly acceptance tests are conducted.
  • Vishay Dale can develop and implement reliability programs tailored to customer requirements.
  • We have ample stock of the RNC50, RNC55, RNC60, and RNC65 at our distributors and factory.
  • For products compliant with characteristics E and C of MIL-PRF-55182, please refer to the HDN (Military RNR/RNN) datasheet from Vishay Angstrohm: www.vishay.com/doc?66001
STANDARD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
GLOBAL MODELMIL-PRF-55182 STYLEMIL SPEC. SHEETPOWER RATING P70°C WPOWER RATING P125°C WTOLERANCE ±%MAXIMUM WORKING VOLTAGE(2) VRESISTANCE RANGE ΩTEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT ± ppm/°CLIFE FAILURE RATE (1)
ERC50, ERC50..31 (3)RNC50, RNR50070.100.050.1, 0.5, 120010 to 796K100 (K), 50 (H), 25 (J)M, P, R, S
ERC55, ERC55..65 (3)RNC55, RNR55010.1250.100.1, 0.5, 120010 to 2M100 (K), 50 (H), 25 (J)M, P, R, S
ERC55..200, ERC55..201 (3)RNC60, RNR60030.250.1250.1, 0.5, 125010 to 2M100 (K), 50 (H), 25 (J)M, P, R, S
2.01M to 3.01M100 (K), 50 (H), 25 (J)M
ERC65, ERC65..65 (3)RNC65, RNR65050.500.250.1, 0.5, 130010 to 3.01M100 (K), 50 (H), 25 (J)M, P, R
ERC70, ERC70..4 (3)RNC70, RNR70060.750.500.1, 0.5, 135010 to 3.01M100 (K), 50 (H), 25 (J)M, P, R

Notes
(1) Consult factory for current QPL failure rates.
(2) Continuous working voltage shall be √P × R or maximum working voltage, whichever is less.
(3) Hot solder dipped leads.
(4) Tolerance of ± 0.1 % is not applicable to characteristics K.

RWR Series

Military-grade/high-reliability wirewound RESISTORS certified to MIL-PRF-39007. RWR type with axial leads, suitable for S-level applications.

Features
  • Features a high-temperature resistant silicone coating.
  • Fully welded structure
  • MIL-PRF-39007 certified product
  • A non-inductive type (Type N) is available. The Ayrton-Perry winding method minimizes the reactance component.
  • Supports products with S-level failure rates.
Note
  • TERMINALS and winding types W and Z are not listed in the table below, but can be provided upon request. For certified failure rates and resistance tolerances/resistance ranges, please refer to MIL-PRF-39007 QPL.

Material specifications

Resistor: Copper-nickel alloy or nickel-chromium alloy is used depending on the resistance value.
Core: Depending on the rated power, CERAMICS, beryllium oxide (Note 1), steatite, or alumina is used.
Coating: Special high heat-resistant silicone
TERMINALS and rewindings: Identified by letters in the military type designation.

Military symbols
S = Solderable, induction winding
W = Weldable, induction winding
N = Solderable, non-inductive winding
Z = Weldable, non-inductive winding

TERMINALS: Solderable types are tin-plated with Copperweld®
The weldable type is nickel-plated, conforming to MIL-STD-1276 Type N-1.
End cap: Stainless steel
Displayed information: Manufacturer code, JAN code, military PIN, manufacturing date/lot code

Note
(1) The core material of RWR82S and RWR82N uses beryllium oxide CERAMICS.

STANDARD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
MILITARY MODELVISHAY REFERENCE MODELPOWER RATING P25°C WRESISTANCE RANGE Ω
± 0.1 %
RESISTANCE RANGE Ω
± 0.5 %, ± 1 %
WEIGHT (typical) g
RWR81SEGS-1-8010.499 to 1K0.1 to 1K0.21
RWR81NEGN-1-8010.499 to 4990.1 to 4990.21
RWR82SEGS-21.50.499 to 1.3K0.1 to 1.3K0.23
RWR82NEGN-21.50.499 to 6490.1 to 6490.23
RWR80SEGS-3-8020.499 to 3.16K0.1 to 3.16K0.34
RWR80NEGN-3-8020.499 to 1.58K0.1 to 1.58K0.34
RWR71SESS-2A20.499 to 12.1K0.1 to 12.1K0.90
RWR71NESN-2A20.499 to 6.04K0.1 to 6.04K0.90
RWR89SESS-2B30.499 to 4.12K0.1 to 4.12K0.70
RWR89NESN-2B30.499 to 2.05K0.1 to 2.05K0.70
RWR74SESS-550.499 to 12.1K0.1 to 12.1K4.2
RWR74NESN-550.499 to 6.04K0.1 to 6.04K4.2
RWR84SEGS-10-8070.499 to 12.4K0.1 to 12.4K3.6
RWR84NEGN-10-8070.499 to 6.19K0.1 to 6.19K3.6
RWR78SESS-10100.499 to 39.2K0.1 to 39.2K9.0
RWR78NESN-10100.499 to 19.6K0.1 to 19.6K9.0

RER Series

Features
  • Features an aluminum heatsink housing.
  • The molded structure provides excellent environmental resistance.
  • MIL-PRF-39009 certified product
  • Fully welded structure
  • The non-inductive type employs the Ayrton-Perry winding method to minimize reactance components.
  • By attaching it to the chassis, the heat dissipation effect can be utilized.
STANDARD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
MILITARY MODELVISHAY REFERENCE MODELPOWER RATING P25°C WRESISTANCE RANGE ΩTOLERANCE ±%WEIGHT (typical) g
RER40ENH0551 to 1.65K13.3
RER45ENH10101 to 2.8K18.8
RER50ENH25201 to 6.04K116.5
RER55ENH50301 to 4.99K135
RER60ERH0550.10 to 3.32K13
RER65ERH10100.10 to 5.62K16
RER70ERH25200.10 to 12.1K113
RER75ERH50300.10 to 39.2K128

Figure 4. Vishay NASA Qualified Product Series

These products undergo additional screening and failure rate management, supporting designs for space applications where long-term reliability is paramount.

We can offer proposals that include CAPACITORS and INDUCTORS

In defense and aerospace equipment, not only RESISTORS, but also CAPACITORS used for POWER SUPPLIES stabilization, DC/DC converters, and INDUCTORS used in FILTERS circuits are required to have the same level of reliability.
Vishay offers a wide range of passive components, including MLCCs, tantalum CAPACITORS, and space-grade INDUCTORS, enabling them to provide comprehensive component solutions for everything from POWER SUPPLIES circuits to high-frequency circuits.
Specifically, potential candidates include the CDR series, M123 series, and VJ HiRel series for MLCCs; CWR06, CWR11, T97, ST, STE, and T16 for tantalum CAPACITORS; and SGIHLP, SGTPL, and Space Grade Magnetics for INDUCTORS and MAGNETIC PARTS.
Furthermore, for projects where certified standard products cannot meet the development schedule or where rapid development initiation is required, we can also provide solutions using COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) products. By utilizing existing proven products and specially designed products, we support shorter development periods and flexible product selection in the defense and aerospace sectors.

Selection points that designers should know

When selecting components, it's crucial to first determine which standards need to be met. Generally, DALE products are the starting point for US MIL requirements, SFERNICE products for ESA/ESCC requirements, and NASA Qualified products for Space Level requirements.
Furthermore, during the design phase, confirming resistance accuracy, TCR, long-term drift, failure rate, burn-in presence/absence, and supply continuity can reduce the risk of re-selection in later processes.

Why RF Termination RESISTORS and RF Solutions are Becoming Important

In recent years, the defense sector has seen advancements in satellite communications (SATCOM), radar, electronic warfare (EW), and software-defined radio (SDR). Furthermore, the communications satellite sector requires support for a wide range of frequency bands, including L-band, S-band, C-band, X-band, K-band, and Ku-band. In such high-frequency circuits, not only resistance accuracy but also impedance matching and frequency characteristics significantly impact system performance. RF termination RESISTORS play a crucial role in suppressing the reflection of high-frequency signals and maintaining communication quality and measurement accuracy.
In addition to various RF solutions, including RF termination RESISTORS, Vishay also offers special specifications and custom solutions, supporting the development of cutting-edge defense and aerospace systems that require high-frequency design, such as military communications equipment, satellite communication systems, radar, and electronic warfare equipment.

Figure 5. Example of RF termination RESISTORS for military communication equipment.

Summary

In defense and aerospace equipment, comprehensive component selection is required, encompassing not only the electrical performance of components but also compliance with standards, quality assurance, and even long-term supplyability.
Vishay offers a wide range of RF solutions, including DALE (MIL-STD compliant), SFERNICE (ESCC/ESA compliant), and NASA Qualified series, as well as high-reliability MLCCs, tantalum CAPACITORS, Space Grade INDUCTORS, and RF termination RESISTORS, to meet the stringent demands of the defense and aerospace markets.
In particular, in recent years, the importance of integrating the selection of high-reliability components and RF components has increased in the satellite communications (SATCOM), radar, software-defined radio (SDR), and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) markets. By organizing the required specifications and candidate components in the early stages of design, rework during certification testing and mass production transitions can be reduced, leading to shorter development cycles.
In addition to certified standard products, Vishay also offers custom-designed products and COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) solutions, backed by extensive experience. We can provide flexible component selection and development support for projects where existing certified products are insufficient or where rapid development startup is required.

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