What are in-vehicle Ethernet products?
Currently, the products released for in-vehicle Ethernet applications are mainly
・PHY
・Switch
The functions of each are as follows:
・PHY: Converts analog signals to digital signals.
・Switch: Processes and forwards the input signal.
The PHY and Switch are products that correspond to Layer 1 and Layer 2 of the OSI reference model, respectively (see diagram below).
Here we will introduce PHY.
OSI reference model:
What is Automotive Ethernet PHY?
As mentioned above, the PHY converts between analog and digital signals.
The internal structure and role of each component of the PHY used in Automotive Ethernet (Automotive Ethernet PHY) are as follows:
| name | role | Related I/F |
|---|---|---|
| PMA (Physical Media Attachment) | PMA: Serial to parallel conversion | MDI |
| PCS (physical coding sublayer) | Signal conversion (data encoding/decoding) | MII |
| Management | PHY parameter setting/control | MDIO |
What is PMA (Physical Media Attachment)?
The role of the PMA is to bridge between the PCS and the MDI.
Specifically, the details are as follows:
・MDI⇒PCS: Converts the electrical signal from MDI and transmits it to PCS
・PCS⇒MDI: Converts the signal from the PCS into an electrical signal and transmits it to the MDI
PMA OTHERS has:
・PAM3: 3B/2T converted data (described later) is transmitted as an MDI signal
・Auto Negotiation: Automatic selection of communication method
It has features such as:
Both PHYs support multiple communication methods.
And auto-negotiation is enabled,
Automatically selects the optimal communication method
What is PCS (physical coding sublayer)?
The role of the PCS is to act as a bridge between the MAC and PMA.
Specifically, the details are as follows:
・MDI⇒PCS: Converts the electrical signal from MDI and transmits it to PCS
・PCS⇒MDI: Converts the signal from the PCS into an electrical signal and transmits it to the MDI
PCS OTHERS:
・3B/2T: 3-bit data is encoded into two ternary values (1, 0, -1)
・4B/3B (100BASE-T1): Converts 4-bit data to 3-bit data
・80B/81B (100BASE-T1): Converts 80-bit data to 81-bit data
It has features such as:
What is Management?
The role of management is to control the PHY.
Specifically, it reads and writes the register settings inside the PHY.
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